Tuesday, November 18, 2008

Franklin D. Roosevelt's War Message, Asking Congress to Declare War on Japan

Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its Government and its Emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.
Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing Oahu, the Japanese Ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. While this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack.
It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. Very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.
Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya.
Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.
Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.
Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.
Last night the Japanese attacked Wake Island.
This morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island.
Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.
As Commander in Chief of the army and navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.
Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us.
No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.
Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger.
With confidence in our armed forces—with the unbounding determination of our people—we will gain the inevitable triumph—so help us God.
I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.


When I googled famous presidential speeches this first one to catch my eye was President Roosevelt's address concerning the attack on Pearl Harbor. Given that I could say the first line of this speech in my head without even reading it reminds me of how important this moment in history was. There was no humor incorporated into this speech, mainly because it was given due to such a tragic event. Roosevelt uses pathos and logos to convince Congress that a horrible thing had taken place and that the U.S. must take action.

1 comment:

Michelle J. said...

It's funny; I actually just watched the movie Pearl Harbor, and the whole time, my friend was waiting to hear the excerpt about what President Roosevelt said to the country, and I think that just shows how important his speech was and how obviously effective it is if people can still remember parts of it. I think it is important that speeches like these do not contain humor because I don't think the audience would respond well to humor at a time such as this. The use of pathos and logos are also important to really help the audience realize what is going on and to move them into action. I do not believe ethos is necessary in his speech because by this time, the United States already knows his credentials and that he has the authority over the country.